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Since the first atomic bombs exploded on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, mankind has lived in fear of a nuclear holocaust which would destroy civilization. This was particularly true at the height of the cold war when both the U.S. and Russia engaged in a massive nuclear arms race. There are also other fearsome weapons of mass destruction, chiefly chemical weapons and biological weapons.
In order to alleivate nuclear fears and with the end of the cold war, there have been agreements between the U.S. and Russia to reduce arsenals of nuclear weapons and there is an agreement between most nations to refrain from starting nuclear arsenals. However, four countries (Israel, India, Pakistan and Cuba) have not signed this agreement and certain other countries such as Iran and North Korea may be in the process of developing nuclear weapons despite their agreement not to.
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